Introduction

9

CHAPTER 1 • THE HISTORICAL ROOTS OF ECONOMICS
I. Categories of the Economy
 1. Barter Economy
 2. Commodity Economy
 3. Enterprise
II. The Driving Forces of Economy
 1. The Ethical-Religious Outlook on Life
 2. The Spread of Materiality in Europe

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15
26
33
40
40
45

CHAPTER 2 • WORLD EXPLANATION AND ECONOMICS
I. Major Trends in Economics
 1. The Role of Science in Social Progress
 2. Pure Economic Theory
 3. Ideology Determined Economics
II. The Historical Background of the Establishment of Economics
 1. The Leading Role of Great Britain
 2. Classical Economics

55
55

61
68
75
75
79

CHAPTER 3 • THE THESES OF CLASSICAL ECONOMICS
I. The Scope and the Major Operating Principles of Economy
 1. Increasing National Wealth
 2. The Law of Labor Value
 3. Price Automatism
II. Economic Policy: Equilibrium, Growth and Wealth
 1. The Economic Organizing Function of the State
 2. Equilibrium of the National Economy
 3. Switch to Distribution by Need

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97
114
136
136
148
162

CHAPTER 4 • CRISIS OF CLASSICAL ECONOMICS
 1. Widening of the Development Gap
 2. Deteriorating Natural Living Conditions
 3. The Money Revolution
 4. First and Second Economies

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183
191
201

CHAPTER 5 • WORLD ORDER AND ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
I. Modernization and Culture
 1. Civilizations
 2. Cultural Values
 3. General Equilibrium
 4. Economic Globalization

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211
222
229
239

CHAPTER 6 • THE INTEGRATION OF NATURE, SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY
 1. Economics of the Public Sector
 2. Environmental Economics
 3. The Three Dimensions of Economics

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280

CHAPTER 7 • THE STATE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 1. The Welfare of the Population
 2. State Redistribution of Incomes
 3. Economics of the Military Sector
 4. Economics of Education
 5. Economics of Health

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314
319
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343

CHAPTER 8 • ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF STATES
I. Integration of States in the World Economy
 1. The Main Features of World Economy
 2. The World Economy and Regional Integrations
 3. Four Large Integrations and their Historical Roots
II. The European Union
 1. The Coordinated Economic Policy
 2. The European Monetary Union
III. The Economic Strategy of the Developing World
 1. Self-Relying Global Strategy
 2. The OPEC Strategy

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375
383
383
387
391
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399

CHAPTER 9 • INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION
 1. National Capital – Shortage and Surplus
 2. International Production and the National Economic Policy
 3. National and International Economic Policy
 4. The Weight of International Production in World Economy

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410
416
419

CHAPTER 10 • GLOBALIZED ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
I. International Coordination of Environmental Policies
 1. Criticism of the Social Market Economy
 2. The Role of the UN in the Preservation of Our Natural Environment
II. Major Issues of Environmental Protection
 1. Protection of the Atmosphere
 2. Combating Deforestation
 3. Conservation of Biological Diversity

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427
431
441
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452

CHAPTER 11 • NEW LAWS OF COMMODITY AND MONEY RELATIONS
I. Information Society
 1. The World Wide Web of Information
II. New Foundations of the Monetary Theory
 1. The Globalized Capital Market
 2. The Money Product

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461
471
471
478

CHAPTER 12 • ECONOMICS OF THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY
I. Sustainable Social Development
 1. New Foundations for Economic Growth
 2. Environment-Friendly Technologies
II. The New World Economic Order
 1. Critical Issues of the Economy
 2. World Economic Equilibrium
III. Institutions of the Economy
 1. Organization of the National Economy
 2. The Organization of the Word Economy
IV. Multi-Cultural Economics

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497
516
516
526
533
533
541
551

Index

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